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During the pandemic COVID-19, there has been an increase in the number of patients with non-anginal chest pain at cardiologist appointments. Objective. To assess the incidence of signs of pleurisy and pericarditis after COVID-19 in non-comorbid patients with atypical chest pain and describe their characteristics according to echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and methods. From February 2021 to January 2022, 200 outpatients were prospectively enrolled in the study, all of them suffered from a discomfort in the heart region for the first time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inclusion criteria: 18-50 years old, 5-12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, non-anginal chest pain. Exclusion criteria: pneumonia or signs of pulmonary thromboembolism, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure or kidney disease, clinical or laboratory signs of myocarditis, oncopathology, radiation or chemotherapy of the chest in past medical history. A survey was conducted (yes/no) for the presence of general malaise, quality of life deterioration, hyperthermia, cough. Ultrasound examination of the pericardium and pleura to detect effusion or post-inflammatory changes was performed in accordance with the recommendations. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed if ultrasound imaging was poor or there was no evidence of pericardial or pleural involvement in patients with typical symptoms. Results. 82 women and 118 men were included. Median of age 39 [28-46] years old. Pericarditis was diagnosed in 152 (76%) patients, including effusive pericarditis in 119 (78%), myocarditis in 6 (3%) and myopericarditis in 49 (25%) patients, pleurisy was detected in 22 (11%) patients, exudative pleurisy - in 11 (5.5%) patients with a predominant unilateral lesion of the mediastinal-diaphragmatic region adjacent to the heart. Hyperthermia was recorded in 2.5% of cases, general malaise - in 60% and a decrease in the quality of life - in 84%. Conclusion. Serositis as a cause of atypical chest pain among young non-comorbid patients in early postCOVID was identified in 87% of patients. In the coming years, it is probably worthwhile to perform ultrasound of the pericardium and pleura in all patients with chest pain.Copyright © 2022 Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training.
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History: Twenty-two year old male basic trainee was brought to the ED after collapsing during a routine ruck march. At mile 8/12, soldier was noted to develop an unsteady gate and had witnessed loss of consciousness. A rectal core temperature was obtained and noted to be >107degreeF. Cooling initiated with ice sheets and EMS was activated. On arrival to the ED, patient demonstrated confusion and persistently elevated core temperatures despite ice sheeting, chilled saline and cold water bladder lavage. Cooling measures were discontinued after patient achieved euthermia in the ED;however, his temperatures subsequently spiked>103degreeF. Given rebound hyperthermia, an endovascular cooling (EVC) device was placed in the right femoral vein and patient was transferred to the ICU. Multiple attempts to place EVC device on standby were unsuccessful with subsequent rebound hyperthermia. Prolonged cooling was required. Physical Exam: VS: HR 121, BP 85/68, RR 22 SpO2 100% RA, Temp 102.4degreeF Gen: young adult male, NAD, shivering, A&Ox2 (person and place only) HEENT: Scleral anicteric, conjunctiva non-injected, moist mucus membranes Neck: Supple, no LAD Chest: CTAB, no wheezes/rales/rhonchi CV: tachycardia, regular rhythm, normal S1, S2 without murmurs, rubs, gallops ABD: NABS, soft/non-distended, no guarding or rebound EXT: No LE edema, tenderness SKIN: blisters with broad erythematous bases on bilateral heels Neuro: CN II-XII grossly intact, 5/5 strength in all extremities. Differential Diagnosis: 216. Septic Shock 217. Hypothalamic Stroke 218. Exertional Heat Stroke (EHS) 219. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 220. Thyroid Storm Test Results: CBC: 18.2>14.5/40.6<167 CMP: 128/3.5 88/1831/2.7<104, AST 264, ALT 80, Ca 8.8 Lactate: 7.1 CK: 11 460 Myoglobin: 18 017 TSH: 3.16 CXR: No acute cardiopulmonary process Blood Cx: negative x2 CSF Cx: Negative COVID/Influenza/EBV: Negative Brain MRI: wnl. Final Diagnosis: Exertional Heat Stroke. Discussion(s): No EVC protocols exist for the management of EHS or rebound/refractory hyperthermia. As a result, the protocol used for this patient was adapted from post-cardiac arrest cooling protocols. It is unclear if this adapted protocol contributed to his delayed cooling and rebound hyperthermia as it was not intended for this patient demographic/ pathophysiology. Furthermore, despite initiating empiric antibiotics upon admission, delayed recognition and tailored therapy for his bilateral ankle cellulitis may have contributed to the difficulty in achieving euthermia. In summary, more research needs to be done to evaluate and develop an EVC protocol for EHS. Outcome(s): Euthermia was achieved and maintained after 36 hours of continuous EVC, at which point it was discontinued. His CK, AST/ALT, creatinine and sodium down-trended after discontinuation of EVC. Patient's antibiotics were transitioned to an oral formulation for treatment of ankle cellulitis and he was prepared for discharge. He was discharged with regular follow-up with the Fort Benning Heat Clinic. Follow-Up: After discharge, patient had regularly scheduled visits with the Fort Benning Heat Clinic. His typical lab markers for exertional heat stroke were regularly monitored. He had continued resolution of his Rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury and hyponatremia with typical treatment. Soldier returned to duty after 10 weeks of close monitoring and rehabilitation.
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Perioperative hyperpyrexia raises many questions and can cause permanent brain damage if left untreated. Malignant hyperthermia (MH), although uncommon, but sporadic cases continue to happen and it is potentially life-threatening. It is characterized by sudden rise of body temperatures to above 106 degrees F or even more, and hypercapnia. It is usually associated with anesthetic exposure. However, not every hyperpyrexia is MH;a clinical examination, risk stratification, scoring, and logical approach are required to exclude MH in the postoperative patient. We present a case of rare postoperative hyperpyrexia caused by COVID-19. The patient underwent uneventful spine surgery under general anesthesia and developed hyperpyrexia on the first postoperative day. The case highlights the importance of a logical and systematic approach for excluding the causes of postoperative hyperpyrexia and aggressive management.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In 2016 we began offering optional same-day discharge (SDD) to all robotic prostatectomy (RP) patients with increasing acceptance that accelerated during the COVID pandemic. Our resulting 98% SDD rate for RP after COVID facilitated initiation of an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) robotic urology program without overnight capability and planned SDD in all patients. We assessed our outcomes with planned outpatient RP in all patients in both the hospital and ASC settings. METHOD(S): We reviewed one year of consecutive RPs performed by a single surgeon at either a free-standing ASC or one of three hospitals between October 2021-October 2022. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients. Assignment to ASC versus hospital RP was based primarily on insurance eligibility. ASC policy for robotic or non-robotic procedures alike excluded history of severe cardiac disease, difficult airway, malignant hyperthermia, or BMI >45kg/m2 with no additional limitations applied to robotic surgery. All patients were instructed to expect same-day discharge (SDD) directly from the recovery room regardless of ASC or hospital location with overnight stay only for unexpected complications or side effects of anesthesia. RESULT(S): Among 359 RP cases (162 ASC and 197 hospital), 356 (99%) were successfully discharged the same day as surgery with 3 overnight stays in the hospital group and none in the ASC group. Patients in the ASC group were younger (61.4yrs vs 67.1yrs, p<001) with no statistically-significant difference in BMI (29.2 kg/m2 vs 29.3 kg/ m2, p=0.3), preoperative Gleason Score (p=0.1), operative time (131min vs 134min, p=0.2) or blood loss (87.5cc vs 84.8cc, p=0.71). Excluding the three overnight patients in the hospital group, the mean postoperative recovery room stay among SDD patients was shorter in the ASC group (1.7hrs vs 2.3hrs, p<0.0001). The 90-day readmission rate was 2.5% in both groups (4/162 and 5/197, p=0.93). No readmissions occurred within 24 hours of surgery and only one within the first week. CONCLUSION(S): Same day discharge as a routine following robotic prostatectomy is feasible and safe with readmission rates no higher than series with overnight stays. SDD may enable ASC RP when overnight stay capabilities are not available at an ASC with minimal risk of need for hospital transfer.
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Inflammation and mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress are interrelated processes implicated in multiple neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. Exposure to elevated temperature (hyperthermia) is proposed as a non-pharmacological, anti-inflammatory treatment for these disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we asked if the inflammasome, a protein complex essential for orchestrating the inflammatory response and linked to mitochondrial stress, might be modulated by elevated temperatures. To test this, in preliminary studies, immortalized bone-marrow-derived murine macrophages (iBMM) were primed with inflammatory stimuli, exposed to a range of temperatures (37-41.5 °C), and examined for markers of inflammasome and mitochondrial activity. We found that exposure to mild heat stress (39 °C for 15 min) rapidly inhibited iBMM inflammasome activity. Furthermore, heat exposure led to decreased ASC speck formation and increased numbers of polarized mitochondria. These results suggest that mild hyperthermia inhibits inflammasome activity in the iBMM, limiting potentially harmful inflammation and mitigating mitochondrial stress. Our findings suggest an additional potential mechanism by which hyperthermia may exert its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases.
Subject(s)
Inflammasomes , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Animals , Mice , Inflammasomes/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Heat-Shock ResponseABSTRACT
Background and objectives: COVID-19 pandemic had quite a significant impact on a number of obstetric outcomes. This is often directly attributed to complications of COVID-19. This article is a systematically review literature on the epidemiology, clinical features, maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Materials and methods. A PRISMA methodology search was conducted on the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Central BMJ using MeSH keywords or combinations of the words"COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "pregnancy", "epidemiology", "comorbid disease", "pregnancy and childbirth outcome", "preeclampsia", "fetus". Only articles published between December 1, 2019 to February 28, 2022 were considered. After preliminary analysis of more than 600 publications, 21 articles were short-listed for final processing. The studies were selected using a Newcastle-Ottawa scale style questionnaire. The clinical features, risk factors, co-morbid conditions, maternal and neonatal outcomes were presented in two separate tables respectively. Results. COVID-19 incidence in pregnancy ranged from 4.9% to 10.0%. Such women were 5.4 times more likely to be hospitalized and 1.5 times more to need ICU care. Dyspnoea and hyperthermia were associated with a high risk of severe maternal (OR 2.56;95% CI 1.92-3.40) and neonatal complications (OR 4.97;95% CI 2.11-11.69). One in ten of neonates had a small weight for gestational age (9.27 +/- 3.18%) and one in three required intensive care unit observation. Conclusions. Despite the increasingly emerging evidence on the associations between pregnancy and COVID-19 infection, the data is sometimes contradictory necessitating further studies.Copyright © 2022 Trylyst. All rights reserved.
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Although it was thought that children were not susceptible to 2019-nCoV in the early days of the COVID-19 infection outbreak, there are currently reports of children and even one-day-old newborns being infected by the virus and hospitalized around the world. Recognizing the symptoms of the infection in children is of great value since a large number of children are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, which may act as facilitators of the virus transmission. This review aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence on clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and WHO database for eligible publications. The review proposal was registered with the PROSPERO. The quality assessment was done based on JBI Critical appraisal tools. The random-effects model was used to pool clinical features in the meta-analysis. From the identified 256 potentially relevant studies, 32 articles met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-one studies fulfilled the criteria for this meta-analysis. Fever (58%) and cough (48%) were reported as the most common symptoms of infected children. Disease severity was mild in 51% and moderate in 39% of cases. A total of 63% of cases had respiratory and 25% of children had gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly diarrhea and nausea/vomiting. Approximately 24% of patients were asymptomatic. Results demonstrated that fever and cough were the most common symptoms of COVID-19-infected children and the majority of cases had mild-to-moderate disease severity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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Purpose. The study of epidemiological and clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children who were hospitalized against the backdrop of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. In 19 months (May 2020 - December 2021) 63 patients with a diagnosis of "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 were observed in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care departments of the Healthcare Institution "City Children's Infectious Clinical Hospital" in Minsk, Republic of Belarus. MIS-C was diagnosed according to CDC/WHO criteria, 2020. All calculations were carried using the R Statistical Package, version 4.1. The results of the analysis were considered statistically significant with p<0.05. Results. Focusing on the periods of circulation of dominant coronaviruses, we generated 3 groups of patients. The 1st group included 40 patients (63.5%) received treatment from 05.25.2020 to 02.21.2021 ("wuhan" strains);the 2nd group comprised 9 children (14.3%) from 02.23.2021 to 06.13.2021 ("alpha");and the 3rd group consists of 14 children (22.2%) from 07.01.2021 to 11.19.2021 ("delta"). 47 (74.6%) patients had complete and incomplete Kawasaki Disease phenotype of MIS-C;nonspecific phenotype was observed in 16 (25.4%) children. The mean age didn`t differ in study groups. It was 7+/-2.5;9.4+/-4.2;7.9+/-5 years respectively. All children presented hyperthermic syndrome with febrile fever 3-4 times a day of an average duration of 3.2 (1-15) days. Clinically, the course of MIS-C in children was not dependent on the circulating strain of the virus, and gastrointestinal dysfunction was observed with equal frequency in all three groups (73%, 78% and 57%, respectively). The only statistically significant increase in number of children with cheilitis was observed in the 2 group - 8 (89%) and the 3 group - 13 (93%), p=0.002. Neurological disorders such as headache, hyperesthesia, hallucinations, photophobia were more frequently observed in the 1st group of children - 19 (48%) cases, and less frequently in the 2nd and 3rd group (in 11% and 14% of cases), p=0.022. Pathological blood flow regurgitation was the most common disorder (68-71%). Several biochemical markers of inflammation levels, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were high. CRP levels were 162 mg/l (130;245);130 mg/l (90;160);130 mg/l (106;149) in 1-2-3 study groups, respectively. In children of the 1st group CRP level was significantly higher, p=0.052. PCT level was higher in patients of the 3rd group (4.2 ng/ml (2.4;8.8);3.9 ng/ml (3.2;11.9);8.7 ng/ml (3.4;14.1), respectively, p=0.625). Conclusion. The study revealed no appreciable association between clinical or laboratory features of MIS-C and the dominant circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2 within given time periods. During "alpha" and "delta" strains circulation, only a decrease in the number of patients with neurological disorders and an increase in the frequency of cheilitis were of significant differences, p=0.002. The remaining indicators of organ dysfunction were similar in all three groups of children. There was 1 (1.6%) fatal outcome in our study.Copyright © 2022, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.
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Purpose. The study of epidemiological and clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children who were hospitalized against the backdrop of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. In 19 months (May 2020 - December 2021) 63 patients with a diagnosis of "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 were observed in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care departments of the Healthcare Institution "City Children's Infectious Clinical Hospital" in Minsk, Republic of Belarus. MIS-C was diagnosed according to CDC/WHO criteria, 2020. All calculations were carried using the R Statistical Package, version 4.1. The results of the analysis were considered statistically significant with p<0.05. Results. Focusing on the periods of circulation of dominant coronaviruses, we generated 3 groups of patients. The 1st group included 40 patients (63.5%) received treatment from 05.25.2020 to 02.21.2021 ("wuhan" strains);the 2nd group comprised 9 children (14.3%) from 02.23.2021 to 06.13.2021 ("alpha");and the 3rd group consists of 14 children (22.2%) from 07.01.2021 to 11.19.2021 ("delta"). 47 (74.6%) patients had complete and incomplete Kawasaki Disease phenotype of MIS-C;nonspecific phenotype was observed in 16 (25.4%) children. The mean age didn`t differ in study groups. It was 7+/-2.5;9.4+/-4.2;7.9+/-5 years respectively. All children presented hyperthermic syndrome with febrile fever 3-4 times a day of an average duration of 3.2 (1-15) days. Clinically, the course of MIS-C in children was not dependent on the circulating strain of the virus, and gastrointestinal dysfunction was observed with equal frequency in all three groups (73%, 78% and 57%, respectively). The only statistically significant increase in number of children with cheilitis was observed in the 2 group - 8 (89%) and the 3 group - 13 (93%), p=0.002. Neurological disorders such as headache, hyperesthesia, hallucinations, photophobia were more frequently observed in the 1st group of children - 19 (48%) cases, and less frequently in the 2nd and 3rd group (in 11% and 14% of cases), p=0.022. Pathological blood flow regurgitation was the most common disorder (68-71%). Several biochemical markers of inflammation levels, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were high. CRP levels were 162 mg/l (130;245);130 mg/l (90;160);130 mg/l (106;149) in 1-2-3 study groups, respectively. In children of the 1st group CRP level was significantly higher, p=0.052. PCT level was higher in patients of the 3rd group (4.2 ng/ml (2.4;8.8);3.9 ng/ml (3.2;11.9);8.7 ng/ml (3.4;14.1), respectively, p=0.625). Conclusion. The study revealed no appreciable association between clinical or laboratory features of MIS-C and the dominant circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2 within given time periods. During "alpha" and "delta" strains circulation, only a decrease in the number of patients with neurological disorders and an increase in the frequency of cheilitis were of significant differences, p=0.002. The remaining indicators of organ dysfunction were similar in all three groups of children. There was 1 (1.6%) fatal outcome in our study.Copyright © 2022, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.
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Bacteria and viruses always posed a threat to human health. Most impressively, SARS-CoV-2 has raged around the world for almost three years, causing huge loss to human health. Facing increasing challenges of drug-resistance and poor treatment efficacy, new solutions are urgently needed to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Recently, nanozymes with intrinsic enzyme-like activities emerged as a promising new type of "antibiotics". Nanozymes exhibit superior antibacterial and antiviral activities under physiological conditions by efficiently catalyzing generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, enhanced therapeutic effects are achieved in nanozyme-based therapy aided by the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials such as photothermal and photodynamic effects. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the field of anti-microbial nanozymes, systematically summarizes and analyzes the principles of nanozymes in the treatment of bacteria and viruses from a mechanistic point of view. An outlook on the future direction and the challenges of new anti-microbial infection nanomaterials are proposed to provide inspiration for developing next generation anti-microbial nanozymes.
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During 2020, updated guidelines for management of malignant hyperthermia (MH) were published. These guidelines now recommend the use of activated charcoal filters [1]. We suspected that the disruption and redistribution of staff and resources during the coronavirus pandemic may have resulted in staff being unaware of these updated guidelines, threatening the ability of a theatre team to respond effectively to a MH crisis. We implemented a quality-improvement project to rectify this. Methods Prior knowledge of the updated guidelines, location of emergency equipment (activated charcoal filters, dantrolene and printed copies of guidelines) and confidence in using activated charcoal filters was established by online questionnaire. We subsequently designed and delivered a 'tea trolley' teaching session to theatre staff (Fig. 1). Teaching sessions were evaluated with an electronic survey. Results Fifty-nine theatre staff responded to the initial questionnaire, with 39% stating they had read and understood the new MH guidelines. Forty-four per cent of respondents were unsure whether our Trust had access to activated charcoal filters, with only 20% knowing where the nearest supply was kept and 14% saying they would be confident using the filters. We subsequently delivered 'tea trolley' teaching to 73 theatre staff (including 28 anaesthetists, 15 operating department practitioners and 24 members of nursing staff) across several weeks, to demonstrate safe usage of activated charcoal filters and dantrolene in an emergency. Feedback was excellent, with all agreeing that their confidence and knowledge had increased. Discussion The multiple benefits of 'tea trolley' training have been documented widely [2] and subsequently established in many departments. Departmental disruption due to the pandemic response and ongoing clinical pressures as we attempt to recover our services can lead to staff working in unfamiliar areas. We suggest that 'tea trolley' teaching should be utilised in ensuring comprehensive knowledge of updated emergency guidelines and equipment, and have shown that it is an excellent method of embedding emergency preparedness. (Figure Presented).
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556335.].
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Although it was thought that children were not susceptible to 2019-nCoV in the early days of the COVID-19 infection outbreak, there are currently reports of children and even one-day-old newborns being infected by the virus and hospitalized around the world. Recognizing the symptoms of the infection in children is of great value since a large number of children are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, which may act as facilitators of the virus transmission. This review aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence on clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and WHO database for eligible publications. The review proposal was registered with the PROSPERO. The quality assessment was done based on JBI Critical appraisal tools. The random-effects model was used to pool clinical features in the meta-analysis. From the identified 256 potentially relevant studies, 32 articles met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-one studies fulfilled the criteria for this meta-analysis. Fever (58%) and cough (48%) were reported as the most common symptoms of infected children. Disease severity was mild in 51% and moderate in 39% of cases. A total of 63% of cases had respiratory and 25% of children had gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly diarrhea and nausea/vomiting. Approximately 24% of patients were asymptomatic. Results demonstrated that fever and cough were the most common symptoms of COVID-19-infected children and the majority of cases had mild-to-moderate disease severity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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BACKGROUND: Many patients suffer from the consequences of a COVID infection. The so-called long or post-COVID syndrome affects the quality of life of patients and can lead to severe physical impairments. There are currently no suitable therapies for the treatment of long/post-COVID. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old patient with post-COVID was admitted to a specialized clinic to carry out a multimodal therapy approach in the event of a therapy-resistant course. In addition to pronounced fatigue, sleep disorders, inner restlessness, and depression were seen in the patients' high levels of suffering. A naturopathic complex therapy including systemic whole-body hyperthermia was carried out. Well-being and physical well-being were recorded using the visual analog scale, and depression was recorded using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-D). There was close monitoring of the vital parameters, and an evaluation of the therapy result was performed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The implementation of a naturopathic complex therapy including systemic whole-body hyperthermia was able to significantly improve the mental state, physical well-being, and mood of the patient. Since there are still no evidence-based therapy recommendations for the treatment of long/post-COVID, clinical research is called upon to intensively deal with this topic and to examine treatment concepts.
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At the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic the use of NSAIDS was avoided. This was because the previous studies suggesting that NSAIDs may be linked to an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infection consequences. Later on studies involved the patients who used NSAIDs for some chronic conditions and showed no additional harm among these patients. Then many studied assessed the benefit of using NSAIDs in COVID-19 patients for management of pain and fever and showed no additional risk among these patients.
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SESSION TITLE: COVID-19 Case Report Posters 2 SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic crisis where an increase in carbon dioxide is seen despite an increased minute ventilation with a proposed mechanism as a disturbance in calcium homeostasis. Commonly seen in volatile anesthetic agents and depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, rarely with nondepolarizing agents. There has been one reported case of cisatracurium-induced MH in the setting of ARDS. There have been two cases reported of nondepolarizing neuromuscular agents causing MH in the setting of COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old man with severe COVID-19 complicated by ARDS on ventilator day 16, due to refractory fevers, ventilatory dyssynchrony, high minute ventilation and auto-PEEP phenomena, the decision was made to attempt neuromuscular paralysis. After one dose of cisatracurium, the patient became hyperthermic and end-tidal carbon-dioxide increased from 58-98 with inability to oxygenate. The patient developed high peak pressures, bedside ultrasound revealed no evidence of pneumothorax also confirmed with chest x-ray. The patient then received a dose of dantrolene with end-tidal improving to 60 and tachycardia also resolved. A creatinine kinase level drawn was elevated at 571. DISCUSSION: A proposed mechanism of MH is calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, a mutation in skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor calcium release channels that can release IL-6 when activated leading to excessive muscular contraction. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, dantrolene may block IL-6 release which results in its therapeutic effect in the treatment of MH. IL-6 has been used to predict deterioration from COVID-19. Dantrolene in this sense has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19, inhibiting intracellular calcium influx thus preventing the pathological feedback of viral entry into cells via endocytosis, as this is a calcium dependent process. Given the possible link between IL-6 release, calcium and MH, SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells may place patients at higher risk of MH. Patients with COVID-19 may be at higher risk of MH, even in rare agents such as non-depolarizing agents as seen in this case. Awareness of this potentially increased complication from these agents in those patients with COVID-19 is key as we continue in the ongoing global pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Given the possible link between IL-6 release, calcium and MH, SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells may place patients at higher risk of MH. Patients with COVID-19 may be at higher risk of malignant hyperthermia, even in rare agents such as non-depolarizing agents as seen in this case. Awareness of this potentially increased complication from these agents in those patients with COVID-19 is key as we continue in the ongoing global pandemic. Reference #1: Sathyanarayanan SP, Hamza M, Hamid K, Groskreutz D. Cisatracurium-Associated Malignant Hyperthermia During Severe Sars-CoV-2 Infection. Am J Ther. 2021 Aug 10;28(5):e590-e591. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001437. PMID: 34387563;PMCID: PMC8415506. Reference #2: Chiba N, Matsuzaki M, Mawatari T, Mizuochi M, Sakurai A, Kinoshita K. Beneficial effects of dantrolene in the treatment of rhabdomyolysis as a potential late complication associated with COVID-19: a case report. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Feb 8;26(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s40001-021-00489-8. PMID: 33557936;PMCID: PMC7868892. Reference #3: Han H, Ma Q, Li C, Liu R, Zhao L, Wang W, Zhang P, Liu X, Gao G, Liu F, Jiang Y, Cheng X, Zhu C, Xia Y. Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):1123-1130. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1770129. PMID: 32475230;PMCID: PMC7473317. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Hira Bakhtiar No relevant relationships by Timothy DAmico no disclosure on file for Sarah Margolskee;No relevant relationships by Carlos Merino No relevant relationships by Joanna Moore
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SESSION TITLE: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19 SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 infection has been shown to exhibit an array of deleterious cardiac effects specifically arrhythmias. While arrhythmias of ventricular origin are less common, direct insult to the myocardium is cited as the most common etiology [1]. Here we present a unique case of hyperthermia induced monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the setting of COVID-19 infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old male with medical history of dyslipidemia and hypertension presented with cough, dyspnea and subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and was noted to be persistently febrile with a peak temperature of 40.1° C, which coincided with the onset of sustained monomorphic VT for approximately 40 minutes. He was treated with amiodarone. He did not have chest pain and troponin levels were normal. Cooling measures were initiated in the ICU. While normothermic, he did not have episodes of VT until the following day when his temperature again peaked at 40.6° C. A lidocaine drip was started to maintain sinus rhythm. However, due to multi-system organ failure, the family decided to proceed with comfort care. DISCUSSION: COVID-19 infection associated with fatal VT has been documented in the literature mainly attributed to ischemia and myocarditis. [1,2]. COVID-19 virus has the potential to trigger a massive inflammatory response causing systemic illness. Classically, the prototypical patient has a scar from previous ischemic heart disease that allows reentry to occur. Our patient had no prior history of structural heart disease, evidence of acute coronary syndrome or myocarditis. Other known causes of VT were ruled out. It became clear that the patient’s induction of VT had a temporal association with hyperthermia. Once the patient’s temperature was above 40° C, VT would ensue and only terminate with resolution of the fever. Temperature has been shown to affect the transmembrane gradient and the flow velocity of ions through myocardial ion gated channels [3]. These physiological changes could lead to increased automaticity or triggered events that induce VT. Therefore, hyperthermia should not be neglected as a potential trigger for VT in an otherwise intact myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: A systemic illness like COVID-19 associated with cytokine storm can drastically influence the thermal regulation of the body. This can cause a shift in the transmembrane gradient and resting membrane potential, which could in turn alter automaticity. Therefore, hyperthermia could be a possible trigger for monomorphic VT in an otherwise intact myocardium. Early recognition and rapid external cooling are crucial to minimize the risk of ventricular dysrhythmias. Reference #1: Manolis, Antonis S et al. "COVID-19 infection and cardiac arrhythmias.” Trends in cardiovascular medicine vol. 30,8 (2020): 451-460. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2020.08.002 Reference #2: Bhatla, A., Mayer, M., Adusumalli, S., Hyman, M., Oh, E., Tierney, A., Moss, J., Chahal, A., Anesi, G., Denduluri, S., Domenico, C., Arkles, J., Abella, B., Bullinga, J., Callans, D., Dixit, S., Epstein, A., Frankel, D., Garcia, F., Kumareswaram, R., Nazarian, S., Riley, M., Santangeli, P., Schaller, R., Supple, G., Lin, D., Marchlinski, F. and Deo, R., 2020. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm, 17(9), pp.1439-1444. Reference #3: Huckell, V F et al. "Cardiac Manifestations Of Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility.". Circulation, vol 58, no. 5, 1978, pp. 916-925. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), doi:10.1161/01.cir.58.5.916. Accessed 1 June 2021. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Robert Cacdac No relevant relationships by Nami Moradi
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368 Figure 1Total admissions[Figure omitted. See PDF] 368 Figure 2Place of birth[Figure omitted. See PDF]ConclusionAfter sharing these results in unit and hospital safety meetings the following corrective measures were implemented. As around 38% of hypothermic deliveries were born in OR, the temperature of OR to be adjusted to 25 °C at least and to plan to resuscitate in OR not in a side room (as implicated by Covid-19 regulations). The clinical team are planning to start continuous temperature monitoring while transferring the babies from delivery suites to the unit.ReferenceOnalo R. Neonatal hypothermia in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Niger J Clin Pract 2013;16(2):129-38. doi:10.4103/1119-3077.110120
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Purpose or Objective The role of perioperative treatment in radiation-induced and in-field recurrent sarcomas (RIS/IFRS) is unknown. Reirradiation may be associated with a risk of significant toxicity;thus, it is rarely used. We hypothesized that the combination of preoperative or definitive 12x 3 Gy radiotherapy (RT) with or without integrated 3.5 Gy to 42 Gy boost combined with regional hyperthermia twice a week will enable satisfactory local control without significant late toxicity in patients with RIS/IFRS. Materials and Methods A prospective phase II, single-arm clinical trial was conducted. We included patients with locally advanced RIS/IFRS without distant metastases. Treatment combined three weeks of radiotherapy, four fractions per week, 3 or 3.5 Gy per fraction, with regional hyperthermia, followed by surgery or observation. The choice of the boost or no-boost regimen was based on resectability (Figure 1). The intervention would be deemed tolerable if significant RT-related (grade 3+ CTCAE 5.0) late adverse events occur in less than 20% of patients. We planned to enroll 20 patients based on Wilson’s method for calculation of confidence intervals. (Figure Presented) Results We recruited 20 patients. All patients completed the treatment without interruptions. Eight of them had RIS whereas twenty were diagnosed with IFRS. Patients’ characteristics were provided in Table 1. Twelve patients from planned 15 underwent surgery. Two patients with potentially resectable tumors did not undergo surgery due to COVID-related reasons. One patient preferred not to undergo surgery after the preoperative no-boost regimen. The remaining five patients were deemed unresectable at the enrollment and received the simultaneous boost. In five patients who underwent resection, we observed extensive pathological response according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group recommendations for pathological examination and reporting, namely grade A in two cases and grade C in three cases. In four patients we observed complete radiological response. The median follow-up was 13 months. In 14 patients we noted mild or moderate radiation dermatitis. One patient experienced grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities. From the late toxicities, we observed restricted limb mobility (grade 1) in one patient and chronic skin ulceration (grade 2) in one patient. None of the patients who developed grade 3 or higher late toxicity. Two patients who received the no-boost regimen and did not undergo resection developed local progression. One patient experienced borderline local relapse after surgery. None of the patients who received the boost regimen developed local progression. Three patients developed distant metastases. One patient was lost to follow-up. (Figure Presented) Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that the tolerance of the regimen is acceptable;however, data regarding late toxicity may change during the follow-up period. Boost may play a significant role in achieving local control in non-resected tumors.
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BACKGROUND: Erythrocyte aggregation is a phenomenon that is commonly found in several pathological disease states: stroke, myocardial infarction, thermal burn injury, and COVID-19. Erythrocyte aggregation is characterized by rouleaux, closely packed stacks of cells, forming three-dimensional structures. Healthy blood flow monodisperses the red blood cells (RBCs) throughout the vasculature; however, in select pathological conditions, involving hyperthermia and hypoxemia, rouleaux formation remains and results in occlusion of microvessels with decreased perfusion. OBJECTIVES: Our objective is to address the kinetics of rouleaux formation with sudden cessation of flow in variable temperature and oxygen conditions. METHODS: RBCs used in this in vitro system were obtained from healthy human donors. Using a vertical stop-flow system aligned with a microscope, images were acquired and analyzed for increased variation in grayscale to indicate increased aggregation. The onset of aggregation after sudden cessation of flow was determined at proscribed temperatures (37-49°C) and oxygen (0%, 10%), and in the presence and absence of 4, 4'-Diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). Both autologous and homologous plasma were tested. RESULTS: RBCs in autologous plasma aggregate faster and with a higher magnitude with both hyperthermia and hypoxemia. Preventing deoxyhemoglobin from binding to band 3 with DIDS (dissociates the cytoskeleton from the membrane) fully blocks aggregation. Further, RBC aggregation magnitude is greater in autologous plasma. CONCLUSIONS: We show that the C-terminal domain of band 3 plays a pivotal role in RBC aggregation. Further, aggregation is enhanced by hyperthermia and hypoxemia.